Us3248205a glass melting furnace with submerged gas. Electricity frequently installed as supplementary heating is also used. Estimated energy savings from new advanced melting technologies this study found that there is little potential for a single melting technology to provide a onesizefitsall solution because foundries vary from each other in several respects, such as the. The glass is melted in a single vessel or furnace, which is sometimes called a day tank. As it melts, it passes to the front of the melter and eventually flows through a throat leading to the refiner. Most modern furnaces are designed to operate with a minimum of backcharges.
Melting furnaces for nonferrous materials use fuel oil. The most important fuels for glass melting furnaces are natural gas, light and heavy fuel oil, and liquefied petroleum gas. Glass melting furnace download pdf info publication number us2692296a. How can you optimize regenerator airflow and prolong the durability of a melt furnace. Particularly, changes have taken place in melting methods which mean that the modern furnace operator has greater responsibilities than any of his predecessors. Hmelt is the enthalpy per unit mass of molten glass required to obtain clear glass at the melting temperature tmelt from raw batch at 320 k. Alternative control techniques document nox emissions from. Silica brick for glass furnace chambers and furnace arch zirconia bricks z65 for glass furnace side wall fused diy brick ovens, fireplaces and art glass furnaces, ovenzz refractory brick glass furnace, refractory products for glass furnace an overview sciencedirect topics refractories for glass industry silica bricks for glass melting furnaces rongsheng refractory glass melting furnaces. This is advantageous because charging is a deadtime where the furnace does not have power on and therefore is not melting. Pdf combustion tests on an industrial glassmelting.
Pdf development of a glass melting furnace with online. Glass industries ag, which tailors the glass melting furnaces and glass plants. The need for a combustion and melting research facility focused on the solution of glass manufacturing problems common to all segments of the glass industry was given high priority in the earliest version of the glass industry technology roadmap eisenhauer et al. In glass industry the different types of products need different furnace design. The interaction of sodium sulphate with carbon as a function of particles dispersity was studied by minko. Pdf model based energy benchmarking for glass furnace. Pdf combustion tests on an industrial glassmelting furnace.
The furnace can be a recuperative, a regenerative or an oxy. Glass production facilities must report the following. R r v m m m m w m m l l w united states patent ofiice 3,243,205 patented apr. In convection furnaces whatever the convectionflow profile in the furnace. Design, optimization, construction, assistance, auditing on most common melting furnaces green filed or glass to glass rebuilding service advanced 3dcad design software and cfd computation fluid dynamic evaluation. Technology topics melting oxyfuel glass melting trends. Batch processing of glass in a furnace is facilitated when the furnaces used provide a number of important options for your particular glass melting process. The objective was to develop combustion firing techniques that would lower nox emissions and. Usual synonyms for a continuous furnace are glassmelting tank or tank furnace. Design, optimization, construction, assistance, auditing on most common melting furnaces green filed or glasstoglass rebuilding service advanced 3dcad design software and cfd computation fluid dynamic evaluation. Glass melting process, fining process, mixed fine batch, helium in this paper, two fundamental factors, such as preparation of uniformly mixed fine batch and acceleration of fining, are addressed and will be discussed. Float glass furnaces with a melting capacity of 700 t24 h or more are an integral part of the programme, as is the smallest opal glass furnace for lighting ware. Combustion tests on an industrial glass melting furnace.
Energy benchmarking of processes is important for setting energy efficiency targets and planning energy management strategies. Threedimensional flow and thermal structures in glass. Stockham i it research institute the composition of the effluent discharged to the atmosphere from two sideport, regenerative, gasfired, glass melting furnaces is reported. Once the glass is melted, a portion of the glass is removed from the melting vessel and is formed into a product. Furnace ideally should heat as much of material as possible to a uniform temperature with the. Selection of optimum refractories for the superstructure of oxyfuel glass melting furnaces. Role of glass melt flow in container furnace examined by mathematical modelling ceramics silikaty 62 1 8696 2018 89 the bubbles with an initial radius of 5. During these high temperature melting processes, some glass components, such as. Bhatnagar, in lightweight ballistic composites second edition, 2016. Cms glass melting furnaces come in all form factors regardless of temperature range useful options for a glass melting furnace. A wide variety of small glass melting furnace options are available to you, there are 644 suppliers who sells small glass melting furnace on, mainly located in asia. Place a couple of bags of the batch into the cold furnace as this will help melt the other bags once it is up to the. The complexity of control systems, melting rates, tank capacities, and other technical.
Alternative control techniques document nox emissions. Basics of industrial glass melting furnaces iminfg. Denver glass machinery now offers the bartlett genesis lt3140 touch screen controller on its kilns and furnaces. Modeling of evaporation processes in glass melting furnaces the majority of glass furnaces worldwide, apply fossil fuel combustion to transfer heat directly by radiation from the combustion processes to the melting batch and glass melt. Duralite has been providing electric heating systems since 1946 and has experience in the glass melting field. Classification, general fuel economy measures in furnaces, excess air, heat distribution, temperature control, draft control, waste heat recovery.
Pdf combustion measurements in an industrial glassmelting. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as. O emissions from fuel combustion at each continuous glass melting furnace. The most effective method of electric glass production is to use electrodes immersed in the glass either as electric boosting providing 520 % of total energy input or allelectric melting. The furnaces are generally large, shallow, and wellinsulated vessels that are heated from above. Manufactured using the lightweight alumina fibre insulation, we are able to keep the kilns weight down to 10 lbs for the qm quick melt model and 12 lbs for the rapid fire furnace. Minimizing these deadtimes helps to maximize the productivity of the furnace. Dolf etal glass melting furnace with submerged gas burners filed dec. Horn glass industries ag is the innovative part responsible for the engineering and manufacturing of glass melting technology and plants. Glass melting furnace refractories and refractory related defects. The top countries of supplier is china, from which the percentage of small glass melting furnace supply is 100% respectively. The top countries of supplier is china, from which the percentage of small glass melting furnace. During the evolution of the furnace design and research agenda, the project team had the benefit of advice from a large number of experienced people in management.
In modern fossilfired furnaces the heat contained in the waste gases leaving the furnace is used to preheat the combustion air, in order to produce higher flame. Oxyfuel glass melting trends in asia conventional airfuel plus electric boost has historically been adopted for glass melting furnaces but the past 10 years have shown a progressive increase in conversions to oxyfuel melting. They offer options that are very safe and extremely reliable. In the glass melting furnace, the raw materials are heated to temperatures ranging from 1500 to 1700c 27003100f and are transformed through a sequence of chemical reactions to molten glass. This study will focus on the second step, the glass melting, which is carried out using molybdenum electrodes, generally referred to as gmes glass melting electrodes. The immersed electrodes are connected to a power supply and transformer, to pass an electric current through the glass. The furnace is our same tried and true free standing crucible design with moly disilicide elements instead of a burner. The specialist forehearth department created in 1976 has. The figure shows that this particle analysis of elementary process steps in industrial glass melting tanks some ideas on innovations in industrial glass melting ceramics. These crusts were observed by glass makers in the electric melting furnace 16, but no thorough study has been conducted yet. It is an object of the present invention to provide a plurality of small, high efiiciency melting units for use with a large glass refining tank. Light diesel oil ldo is used in furnaces where sulphur is undesirable.
Oxyfuel furnaces are the perfect solution because they significantly reduce or in some cases eliminate emissions from the glass melting process. The evaluated and prospective furnace designs to be tested. Preface ii manufacture of glass chapter 5 presents the bat conclusions as defined in article 312 of the directive. Technology topics melting oxyfuel glass melting trends in asia. Glass furnaces glass melting furnace by cm furnaces. Us3248205a glass melting furnace with submerged gas burners. Not only sodalime glass, but also leadfree crystal, full lead crystal, opal and borosilicate glasses of differing compositions and water glass are. Authority us united states prior art keywords glass furnace element chamber heating element prior art date 19520104 legal status the legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Are electric furnaces the future of glass manufacturing. Optimization of molybdenum electrodes for glass melting. Glass furnaces are usually used to melt a batch of glass, maintain working supplies of molten glass as it must be heated in a certain temperature range. Full oxyfuel installations referenced above are for furnaces with a 25600 mtpd glass throughput. There is disclosed a process and apparatus for use with a glassmelting furnace having a melting zone and a refining zone separated by a bridge wall. We have selected duralite as a vendor for these packages.
The largest furnaces of this type currently operating have melting areas greater than 150 square meters. Pdf glass melting furnace refractories and refractory related defects. In the glassmelting furnace, the raw materials are heated to temperatures ranging from 1500 to 1700c 27003100f and are transformed through a sequence of chemical reactions to molten glass. Initially the batch occupies the region 0 glass industry is constantly directed towards producing high quality glass at low operating costs. In 1872 master mason nikolaus sorg founded his furnace building business in the village of. Modeling of evaporation processes in glass melting furnaces. Glass manufacturing international finance corporation. Float glass furnaces with a melting capacity of 700 t24 h or more are an integral part of the programme, as is the smallest opal glass furnace for lighting ware, with a capacity of 1 t24 h. Pdf glass melting furnace refractories and refractory. After a glass batch is mixed in blenders, it is conveyed to the doghouse, a sort of hopper located at the back of the melting chamber of a glassmelting furnace see figure 8. Electricity is introduced with the advent of electric power, engineers began designing electric furnaces to replace coal or gas fueled furnaces traditionally used to melt glass. In the refiner, the molten glass is heat conditioned for delivery to the forming process. Annual process emissions of co 2 for each continuous glass melting furnace and for all furnaces combined metric tons. This alternative control technique act document provides technical information for use by state and local agencies to develop and implement regulatory programs to control nox emissions from glass melting furnaces.
Visteon glass systems and, later, ppg industries proposed to. The furnace can be a recuperative, a regenerative or an oxy fuel one in terms of the combustion system used. Glass furnaces and heat treatment plants for annealing, hardening, tempering bending, slumping, annealing welding laminating fusing melting photovoltaics quartz glass technology fiber optics heat soak laboratory. Our furnace engineers have provided furnace designs that are now operational producing float glass, container glass, fiberglass as well as other types of glass.
Oilfired furnaces mostly use furnace oil, especially for reheating and heat treatment of materials. Two pairs of burners are mounted in a wall of the furnace for melting the raw batch material within the melting zone of the furnace. Induction and arc furnaces use electricity to melt steel and cast iron. In the latter half of the 19th century, the german state of thuringen, a traditional glassmaking area, was home to numerous small glass factories. Pdf this paper describes the results of an experimental study undertaken in an industrial regenerative horseshoeflowtype oilfired furnace for the. Assisted by smaller worldwide subsidiary companies for local service activities, the. Combustion tests on an industrial glassmelting furnace. Store up to 12 programs with 32 segments per program. The history of around 104 bubbles and sand particles with randomly located. If some way can be provided for improving the melting technique for glass, the furnace size can be reduced approximately onethird while still leaving the same area for lining of the glass. Most furnaces use liquid fuel, gaseous fuel or electricity as energy input. This is a second part of a study concerned with the threedimensional natural circulation in glass melting furnaces with a throat. Wifi enabled it allows the user to monitor kilns and furnaces from a network connected computer. A furnace is an equipment to melt metals for casting or heat materials for change of shape.
Pdf in glass industry the different types of products need different furnace design. The glass melting furnace can be considered as a physically and chemically mixing reactor. Most approaches used for energy benchmarking are based on statistical methods by comparing with a sample of existing. Annual quantity of each carbonatebased raw material charged tons to each continuous glass.
Glass melting furnaces have been identified as stationary sources that emit more than 25 tons of nitrogen oxides nox per year. Furnace manual denver glass machinery 2800 south shoshone st. Wongwan and others published development of a glass melting furnace with online control systems find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Rule 1165 glass melting furnaces a general 1 purpose a the purpose of this rule is to limit the emissions of oxides of nitrogen nox, carbon monoxide co, volatile organic compounds vocs, and oxides of sulfur sox from glass melting furnaces. In a batch process, all raw materials are added at one time, as opposed to being continually fed into a furnace. Burners for glass melting furnaces neil simpson, eclipse incorporated, usa introduction in the late 1980s and early 1990s a consortium of gas utilities named ngnox was formed to investigate the natural gas firing of glass tanks. Chapter 6 presents information on emerging techniques as defined in article 314 of the. The advantages lowes energy consumption high ration pullarea and lifespan. However, it evolved from quite different beginnings. Glass melting furnaces have been identified as stationary sources that emit more than 25 tons of nitrogen oxides no x per year.
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